Abstract: In August and October 2019, the transect-line method was used to collect insects of Orthoptera in Xishuangbanna, and the effects of different habitat types and environmental factors on the diversity and community structure of Orthoptera were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 1624 Orthoptera insects were collected, belonging to 169 species, 62 genera and 21 families. Species richness at the prefecture-level scale was higher than that at the county-level scale in Xishuangbanna. There were significant differences in species richness(P < 0.05) and chao−1(P < 0.05) of Orthoptera at the Xishuangbanna prefecture-level scale among different habitats, while at the county scale, the species richness, species abundance and Chao−1 estimates had no specific rules; the similarity analysis of community structure showed that there was a significant difference in the community structure of Orthoptera at the prefecture-level scale in Xishuangbanna(P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference at the county-level scale; the species richness and abundance of Orthoptera were affected not only by habitat type(P < 0.01), but also by temperature, altitude and habitat quality. In summary, at the varying regional scale, the interaction of habitat type and environmental factors change could better explain the impact on the diversity of Orthoptera in Xishuangbanna, while temperature, altitude and habitat quality were important factors for maintaining the diversity of Orthoptera.