Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the structure, chemical composition and gene regulation mechanism of glandular trichome(GT) on Rhus potaninii. The GTs was studied by paraffin section, tissue staining and real-time fluorescence quantification. We found the GTs look like pinecone and consist by a head with 12.00 ± 4.14 cells and an acellular stalk. The GTs became thinner after secreting and fall down at later stage. The secretion is composed of lots of polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and acidic lipids, it could protect the young leaves from drought and pathogen in the surface. Furthermore, we found the selectively expressed genes in the GTs based on transcriptome and identified it by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR). The WRKY33 and PTI6 which regulated the plant-pathogen interaction were enhanced in the GTs, meanwhile, SLC36A which regulated the Cyanoamino acid metabolism(Cyanoamino acid has toxic or side effects to insects) was enhanced too.