Abstract: A survey was conducted on the soils in the concentrated distribution area of ancient tea trees in Liangyan Town of Guizhou Province, and the nutrient contents and correlation among nutrients of 31 soil samples were analyzed, and the soil nutrient status was comprehensively evaluated by calculating the integrated index of soil fertility(IFI) using principal component analysis. The results showed that the average pH value of ancient tea plantations in Liang Yan was 5.37, and 51.61% of the soils were in the pH range of 4.5–5.5, which was generally suitable; the soil organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content were rich; however, the soil fast-acting phosphorus content did not reach the fertility index of high-yielding and high-quality tea plantations, and was in the state of phosphorus deficiency; the contents of exchangeable aluminum, exchangeable calcium and effective copper in most of the soils were in the suitable range for the growth of tea trees; the content of available iron and available zinc in the soil of ancient tea forest is low, with only 48.38% of the effective zinc in the suitable range. The principal component analysis showed that the soil fertility of ancient tea forest in Sanlitian Village was the best, followed by Guangou Village, and the soil standing conditions of ancient tea plant sites in Feilun, Taiji and Liangyan Villages were poor, and the focus should be on increasing phosphorus fertilizer and increasing iron, zinc and other trace elements appropriately for the poor fertility areas.