张水锋, 彭徐剑, 张思玉. 火干扰对人工林土壤团聚体结构稳定性的影响[J]. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2023, 43(3): 103–110 . DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202203061
引用本文: 张水锋, 彭徐剑, 张思玉. 火干扰对人工林土壤团聚体结构稳定性的影响[J]. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2023, 43(3): 103–110 . DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202203061
Zhang Shuifeng, Peng Xujian, Zhang Siyu. Effects of Fire Disturbance on the Structural Stability of Plantation Soil Aggregates[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2023, 43(3): 103-110. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202203061
Citation: Zhang Shuifeng, Peng Xujian, Zhang Siyu. Effects of Fire Disturbance on the Structural Stability of Plantation Soil Aggregates[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2023, 43(3): 103-110. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202203061

火干扰对人工林土壤团聚体结构稳定性的影响

Effects of Fire Disturbance on the Structural Stability of Plantation Soil Aggregates

  • 摘要: 应用Le Bissonnais法中的快速湿润筛分法(FW)、慢速湿润筛分法(SW)与湿润振荡筛分法(WS)3种不同的破碎机制,模拟暴雨、小雨和扰动共3种不同降雨条件对土壤团聚体的破坏,通过对3~5 mm干筛团聚体的实验处理后的团聚体特征来表征火干扰,分析对北亚热带马尾松人工土壤团聚体结构的稳定性影响。结果表明:FW导致的破碎程度最大,WS次之, SW处理的破碎程度相对最小。火干扰后土壤中的 > 0.5 mm的大团聚体数量增加,小团聚体的数量相对减少。FW与WS处理下,低、中强度火烧迹地0~5 cm表层土壤 > 0.5 mm的水稳性团聚体含量高于对照,FW处理下分别高于对照3.31%和1.97%,WS处理下分别高于对照样地2.85%和1.32%。SW处理下不同强度火烧迹地各层 > 0.5 mm土壤水稳性团聚体比例均有降低,中火烧强度迹地样地1的0~5 cm土层降幅相对最大,为11.36%,中火烧强度迹地样地2的10~20 cm土层降幅最小,为2.17%。在FW和WS破碎机制下,不同火强度干扰后的马尾松人工林各层土壤的稳定性均高于未火烧对照样地,其中在WS破碎机制下,低、中强度火干扰的马尾松人工林表层土壤的稳定性大于高强度火干扰迹地,因此北亚热带马尾松人工林火烧迹地土壤团聚体稳定性受不同火强度干扰的响应均有所不同。低、中强度火烧迹地土壤团聚体水稳定性在暴雨与小雨条件下的均高于未过火对照,而在扰动条件下则低于未过火对照,而火干扰后的马尾松人工林表层土壤在不同破碎机制下的稳定性均高于下层土壤,因此表层土壤的抗侵蚀能力相对较强,表层土壤的抗侵蚀能力更强与表层土壤的有机质含量高有关。

     

    Abstract: Three different fragmentations of Le Bissonnais(fast-wetting sieving, slow-wetting sieving and wet-stirring sieving were used to simulate the damage of soil aggregates under 3 different rainfall conditions: heavy rain, light rain and disturbance. The effects of burning on the stability of soil aggregate structure of Pinus massoniana plantation were characterized by the characteristics of 3–5 mm dry sieving aggregates after experimental treatment. The results showed that FW caused the largest degree of breakage, WS took the second place, while SW processed the smallest degree of breakage. After the burning, the number of > 0.5 mm large aggregates in soil increased, while the number of small aggregates decreased. Under FW and WS treatment, the content of > 0.5 mm water-stable aggregate in the 0–5 cm soil layer of low and medium intensity burning was higher than that of control sample sites, the FW and WS treatments were respectively 3.31% and 1.97% higher than those in the control area, and 2.85% and 1.32% higher than those in the control experimental sites. The proportion of > 0.5 mm water-stable aggregate in each layer of different intensity burning decreased under SW treatment, the 0–5 cm soil layer of site 1 with moderate intensity burning decreased by the most, which was 11.36%, while the 10–20 cm soil layer of site 2 with medium burning intensity decreased by the least, which was 2.17%. MWD analysis showed that under the fragmentations of FW and WS, the soil stability of each layer of P. massoniana plantation disturbed by different intensity burning was higher than that of the field without fire. Under the WS fragmentation, the surface soil stability of P. massoniana plantation disturbed by low and medium intensity burning was greater than that of high intensity burning. Therefore, the response of soil aggregate stability to different fire intensity were different in P. massoniana plantation of north subtropical zone. The water stability of soil aggregates in the low- and medium-intensity burning sites was higher than that of the unburned control site under heavy rain and light rain conditions, but it was lower than that of the unburned control site under disturbance conditions. The stability of forest surface soil under different fragmentation mechanisms was higher than that of subsoil, it indicated that the surface soil had relatively strong anti-erosion ability, which is related to its high organic matter content.

     

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