Abstract: Identification of alkaloid components using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(Q−EXACTIVE−MS), combination with relevant literature and mass spectrometry databases; the overall biological activity of ethanol extract was determined by UV−Vis spectrophotometric method. The results of the study showed that a total of 32 alkaloids were identified in heartwood of Tsoongiodendron odorum, with a variety of structural categories, mainly 26 isoquinoline alkaloids, in addition to 2 pyrrolizidine alkaloids, 1 organic amine alkaloid, 2 pyridine alkaloids, 1 quinoline alkaloid; The DPPH radical scavenging ability, ABTS radical scavenging ability, total reducing power, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti−α−glucosidase and antibacterial activity of the ethanol extracts were enhanced with increasing specimen concentration in the measured concentration range, showing good dose dependence with IC50 values of 0.08, 0.03, 8.94, 0.11, 0.60, 0.43 mg/mL, it is shown in heartwood of T. odorum has good biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-α-glucosidase and antibacterial.