Abstract: This experiment took the regenerating saplings of late succession tree species Picea asperata in Guandi Mountain as the research object, analyzed the influence of herb competition on the leaf characteristics of P. asperata seedlings, explored the competition intensity between herbs and environmental factors on the leaf characteristics of P. asperata seedlings by using redundancy analysis, and further explored the mechanism and path of herb competition, environmental factors and the leaf characteristics of the seedlings. The results showed that under the competition of different herb plant numbers, the competition among the low number of 3 herbs had a significant effect on the leaf characteristics of regeneration seedlings. The competition of different herbaceous plant numbers has a very significant impact on the surface area(SA), biomass(BIO), specific leaf area(SLA) of the current year's leaves of spruce regeneration seedlings, and has a very significant impact on the surface area and biomass of the previous year's, above grass's and under grass's leaves. The order of influence of herbaceous competition and environmental factors on leaf characteristics of regeneration seedlings was crown width>seedling age>number of herbaceous plants>herbaceous species. In addition to the characteristics of regeneration seedlings, herbaceous competition played an important role in leaf characteristics; seedling age and potential variable F1 constructed by herbaceous trees, herbaceous species and herbaceous coverage have a direct positive effect on leaf surface area of spruce regeneration seedlings; F1, crown width, seedling age and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen had a direct positive effect on the specific leaf area and biomass of the regenerated seedlings.