梁克敏, 张勇, 窦小东, 等. 1995—2019年云南千湖山小微水体景观特征及影响因素研究[J]. 西南林业大学学报（自然科学）, 2023, 43(6): 45–53 . DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202209066
引用本文: 梁克敏, 张勇, 窦小东, 等. 1995—2019年云南千湖山小微水体景观特征及影响因素研究[J]. 西南林业大学学报（自然科学）, 2023, 43(6): 45–53 . DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202209066
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Liang Kemin, Zhang Yong, Dou Xiaodong, Zheng Qiuzhu, Ma Yandan, Wang Xiaorong, Wu Kaiting. Landscape Characters of Small and Micro Waterbodies and Its Drivers in Mt. Qianhu, Yunnan Province from 1995 to 2019[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2023, 43(6): 45-53. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202209066
Citation: Liang Kemin, Zhang Yong, Dou Xiaodong, Zheng Qiuzhu, Ma Yandan, Wang Xiaorong, Wu Kaiting. Landscape Characters of Small and Micro Waterbodies and Its Drivers in Mt. Qianhu, Yunnan Province from 1995 to 2019[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2023, 43(6): 45-53. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202209066
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1995—2019年云南千湖山小微水体景观特征及影响因素研究

Landscape Characters of Small and Micro Waterbodies and Its Drivers in Mt. Qianhu, Yunnan Province from 1995 to 2019

    摘要
  • 摘要: 以滇西北千湖山为研究区，使用1995—2019年的Landsat系列影像资料提取小微水体的空间分布，分析1995—2019年该区域小水体和微水体的景观特征变化规律，并探讨了气候变化对它们的影响。结果表明：小水体和微水体的平均分布海拔分别为3953.1 m和3987.8 m，小水体和微水体分布区的坡度分别为9°～14°和6°～13°，2种水体主要分布在千湖山的东坡和北坡，南坡分布得最少。小水体的斑块面积大于微水体，趋于聚集分布；微水体斑块数量多于小水体，趋于离散分布。1995—2019年，小水体和微水体的斑块面积、斑块数量和分离度指数均呈先增加后减少的趋势。 1995—2019年，千湖山地区气候整体呈暖干化趋势。海拔和坡度对小微水体的景观特征有显著影响；气温升高对小微水体斑块数量、斑块面积增加有正向作用，但会导致斑块破碎度增加；降水减少对小微水体景观特征的影响与气温升高相反。本研究表明，在千湖山地区，地形因素（海拔和坡度）控制着小微水体的空间分布，气候暖干化对小微水体的景观特征变化有显著影响，微水体对环境变化的敏感性高于小水体。

     

    Abstract: This study obtained the distribution of small and micro waterbodies based on Landsat images in the Mt. Qianhu(MQH) in northwestern Yunnan Province from 1995 to 2019. Then the changes in landscape pattern of small and micro waterbodies in MQH were analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects of climatic factors on the changes of landscape pattern were discussed. The results showed that the average distribution altitude of small waterbodies and micro waterbodies were 3953.1 m and 3987.8 m, respectively. The distribution slope of small waterbodies was between 9° and 14°, and it was between 6° and 13° for micro waterbodies. These 2 types of waterbodies mainly distributed on the eastern and northern slope, and a few distributed on the southern slope of MQH; the patch area of small waterbodies was larger than that of micro waterbodies, while the patch number of micro waterbodies was larger than the small waterbodies. The patches of small waterbodies showed a concentrated distribution tendency, while the patches of micro waterbodies showed an opposite distribution tendency. Generally, the patch area, patch number and the separation index of small and micro waterbodies increased firstly and then decreased from 1995 to 2019; it was a climatic warming and drying trend in MQH from 1995 to 2019. The altitude and slope had significant impacts on the landscape characteristics of small and micro waterbodies. The increase of annual temperature tended to increase the patch number, patch area and patch separation index of the small and micro waterbodies. The reduce of annual precipitation, however, played an opposite role in changing landscape characteristics of small and micro waterbodies. This study shows that topography factors(i.e., altitude and slope) control the spatial distribution of small and micro waterbodies, climatic warming and drying could strong change the landscape characteristics of these waterbodies in the MQH. Furthermore, the micro waterbodies were more sensitive than small waterbodies in responding to environmental changes in MQH.

     

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