Abstract: The specimen of Zenia insignis were taken as the research material, the macrostructure and microstructure were observed and analyzed by microtechnology; the 9 years fresh wood of Z. insignis was used as the control group to compare and analyze their DNA sequences, 3 DNA section of trnL, rbcL and psbA-trnH DNA sequences of 2 wood samples were amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were sequenced and aligned. The results show that the wood of Z. insignis was diffuse-porous, the growth ring boundary was evident; the combination of pore was mainly solitary pores and radial multiple pores(2–4 cells), the perforation plates was simple perforation, the intervessel pitting was shape of alternate pits polygonal, vessel-ray pits are the same as the intervessel pitting; the ray types were heteromorphosis III and rare heteromorphosis II. The CTAB kit method could successfully extract DNA from fresh tissues and specimens of Z. insignis that met the requirements of PCR amplification. The 3 DNA sequences of the 2 wood samples could match 100% with Z. insignis of the NCBI system, and the psbA-trnH sequence could be distinguished from other tree species with high resolution, which could be used as an alternative barcode for molecular identification of Z. insignis. From the phylogenetic tree obtained by the NJ method based on 3 DNA sequences, several species could be clustered correctly.