Abstract: During August 2021 and August 2022, we set up 21 line transects in typical habitats to survey the butterflies in Ma'andi Township, Jinping County, Yunnan Province. The captured or detected butterflies were identified and classified, the species diversity of butterflies in different habitat types was compared, and the differences in species composition of butterflies in different sampling areas and habitat types were analyzed. The findings revealed that a total of 165 species of butterflies were recorded, belonging to 10 families and 97 genera, among which Nymphalidae had the largest number of genera and species(26 genera and 37 species), accounting for 26.8% of the total number of genera and 22.4% of the total number of species. Stichophthalma louisa had the highest abundance, accounting for 66.1% of the total number of butterfly individuals we collected. The richness, diversity, evenness, the Chao1 index, and the composition of butterflies varied in different habitats. The total species richness showed a pattern of mid-elevation peaks, the species richness increased first and then decreased with the increasing altitude, peaking between 1000 and 1700 meters. The species composition of butterflies in different habitats and altitudes was mainly a result of species substitution, rather than species nestedness.