王娟, 普甜. 滇东南珍稀古老植物蒜头果种子结构及子叶多样性研究[J]. 西南林业大学学报（自然科学）, 2023, 43(3): 1–9 . DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202303025
引用本文: 王娟, 普甜. 滇东南珍稀古老植物蒜头果种子结构及子叶多样性研究[J]. 西南林业大学学报（自然科学）, 2023, 43(3): 1–9 . DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202303025
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Wang Juan, Pu Tian. Study on Structure and Cotyledon Diversity in Seeds of Wild Malania oleifera, a Rare and Ancient Plant Species in Southeast Yunnan[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2023, 43(3): 1-9. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202303025
Citation: Wang Juan, Pu Tian. Study on Structure and Cotyledon Diversity in Seeds of Wild Malania oleifera, a Rare and Ancient Plant Species in Southeast Yunnan[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2023, 43(3): 1-9. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202303025
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滇东南珍稀古老植物蒜头果种子结构及子叶多样性研究

Study on Structure and Cotyledon Diversity in Seeds of Wild Malania oleifera, a Rare and Ancient Plant Species in Southeast Yunnan

    摘要
  • 摘要: 对中国特有珍稀古老植物蒜头果果实和种子的结构、种胚中的子叶多样性特征进行形态解剖学和比较发育学研究，揭示蒜头果果实和种子结构的形态解剖学特征，首次发现蒜头果种胚子叶多样化现象及其规律特征，从解剖学的角度解释了蒜头果种子属生理后熟种子，不能及时萌发。结果表明：蒜头果的果皮和种子分别占果实鲜质量的58.52%和41.47% ，占干物质质量的27.0%和73.0%；种子鲜重12.48～29.61 g，由种壳、胚乳和种胚组成，分别占种子鲜质量的29.57%、70.41%和0.022%，占种子干物质质量的20.71%、79.29%和0.006%。因此，蒜头果的种胚极小，胚乳丰富。种胚由子叶、胚芽、胚轴和胚根4个部分组成，但种胚的子叶数量却为2~5枚不等，3枚和4枚子叶的种胚占绝大多数（87%以上），且随蒜头果分布海拔的升高呈增加趋势，首次发现蒜头果种胚中的多子叶及多样性现象。不同海拔的种子统计说明，蒜头果种胚多子叶及多样性现象不是自然变异或基因突变产生，而可能与蒜头果处于被子植物基部较原始的位置及其古老性有关。这一发现对蒜头果在被子植物中的系统地位及其演化关系的研究具有重要价值。

     

    Abstract: The structure of the fruit and seed, the multiple cotyledons in the seed embryo and their diversity characteristics of the rare and ancient plant of Malania oleifera, which is unique to China, have been studied deeply in terms of morphological anatomy and comparative development. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the fruit and seed structure of M. oleifera have been revealed, and the diversity and regularity of the cotyledons in the seed embryo of M. oleifera have been discovered for the first time, and from the anatomical point of view, it is explained that the seeds of M. oleifera are physiological afterripening seeds and can not germinate in time. The results showed that the pericarp and seeds of M. oleifera accounted for 58.52% and 41.47% of the fresh weight, 27.0% and 73.0% of the dry weight of the fruit, respectively; the fresh weight of seeds is 12.48–29.61 g, which is composed of seed shell, endosperm and embryo. They account for 29.57%, 70.41% and 0.022% of the fresh weight of seeds, and 20.71%, 79.29% and 0.006% of the dry weight of seeds. Therefore, the seed embryo is very small and the endosperm is rich. The seed embryo consists of cotyledons, plumule, hypocotyl and radicle, but the number of cotyledons in the seed embryo varies from 2 to 5, and the number of cotyledons in the seed embryo with 3 and 4 cotyledons accounts for the vast majority(more than 87%), and the number of cotyledons in the seed embryo increases with the elevation of the distribution of M. oleifera. This is the first time to find the multi-cotyledonous and its diversity phenomenon in the seed embryo of M. oleifera, the multi-cotyledons and diversity of the seed embryo of M. oleifera were caused by the relatively primitive position and ancient characteristics of the angiosperm system at the early stage of the evolution of M. oleifera, rather than the natural variation or gene mutation under normal conditions. This discovery has important scientific significance and in-depth research value of M. oleifera in angiosperms.

     

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