Abstract: This article tracks the damage process of T-shaped and L-shaped Picea asperata components using acoustic emission technology and a digital image system. It studied the initiation and propagation changes of cracks in wooden components during the loading process by the parameter method of acoustic emission. It analyzed the surface stress-strain information of cracks in wooden components by digital image. The results indicated that the parameter data and the strain information consistently reflected the crack damage law of wooden components by acoustic emission and digital image system analysis. It had good predictive ability for initiating cracks in wooden components by the amplitude, energy, and ringing count of acoustic emission. The strain field information of digital image method can monitor the evolution and changes of cracks in wooden components. It can provide methodological guidance for further research on the damage evaluation mechanism of wood components with different crack forms by establishing a prediction and evaluation system for the crack damage law of wood components using acoustic emission parameters and digital image systems.