肥料对青冈苗木的促长作用及其营养机理研究

Growth Stimulating of Fertilizer on Quercus glauca Seedlings and Its Nutritional Mechanism

  • 摘要: 分别设置4个施氮浓度梯度(0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 g/株)进行试验,生长季末取样对生物量、营养元素质量分数和基质酶活性进行测定,计算元素积累量和分配比例,分析缓释肥和复合肥不同施氮量对青冈容器苗生物量、营养元素质量分数和积累量以及基质酶活性的影响。结果表明:施用缓释肥和复合肥的处理均有利于青冈容器苗营养元素的积累和基质酶活性的提高,在总用氮量相同的情况下,施用缓释肥的处理几乎均优于复合肥,总体上在H3处理下各指标的提高效果最佳。H3处理下,青冈容器苗总生物量的积累较CK增加了86.24%;整株中氮磷钾元素积累量分别是CK的2.85倍、2.09倍和2.47倍;土壤酶中的脲酶、过氧化氢酶以及蔗糖酶活性分别较CK提高了18倍、2.84倍和2.81倍。营养元素分配中,施肥更有利于提高青冈容器苗生物量和营养元素积累量的地上分配比例。在相关性分析中,生物量、元素积累量以及基质酶活性相互之间均呈极显著正相关关系。因此,就青冈容器苗营养元素积累和基质酶活性而言,施用缓释肥的效果总体上优于复合肥,大部分情况下H3处理的青冈容器苗的营养元素积累量和基质酶活性最好,建议在培育青冈优质壮苗时施用2.14 g/株缓释肥(氮含量为0.3 g/株)。

     

    Abstract: Four nitrogen concentration gradients(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 g/plant) for each fertilizer and 1 control treatment were set respectively. At the end of the growing season, the biomass, nutrient element mass fraction and matrix enzyme activity were measured, the nutrient element accumulation and allocation ratio were calculated, and the effects of different nitrogen application rates of slow-release fertilizer and compound fertilizer on biomass, mass fraction and accumulation of nutrient elements and matrix enzyme activity of Q. glauca container seedlings were analyzed. The findings revealed that the application of slow-release fertilizer and compound fertilizer was conducive to the improvement of nutritional element accumulation and matrix enzyme activity of Q. glauca container seedlings, and the treatment of slow-release fertilizer was almost always better than compound fertilizer under the condition of the same total nitrogen application amount, and the improvement effect of each nutrient index and matrix enzyme activity was the best under H3 treatment. Under H3 treatment, the accumulation of total biomass of Q. glauca container seedlings increased by 86.24% compared with CK, the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the whole plant was 2.85, 2.09 and 2.47 times that of CK, and the activities of urease, catalase and sucrase in matrix enzymes increased by 18, 2.84, and 2.81 times, respectively. In nutrient element distribution, fertilization was more conducive to increasing the aboveground allocation ratio of biomass and nutrient element accumulation of Q. glauca container seedlings. In the correlation analysis, biomass, element accumulation and matrix enzyme activity were positively correlated with each other. In terms of nutritional element accumulation and matrix enzyme activity of Q. glauca container seedlings, the effect of slow-release fertilizer application was generally better than compound fertilizer, and in most cases, the nutritional status and matrix enzyme activity of H3-treated Q. glauca container seedlings were the best, and it was recommended to apply 2.14 g/plant slow-release fertilizer when cultivating high-quality container seedlings of Q. glauca, and the nitrogen consumption was 0.3 g/plant.

     

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