王舒, 刘凤莲. 滇中高原湖泊流域景观生态风险时空演变研究[J]. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2024, 44(5): 63–73. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202308029
引用本文: 王舒, 刘凤莲. 滇中高原湖泊流域景观生态风险时空演变研究[J]. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2024, 44(5): 63–73. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202308029
Wang Shu, Liu Fenglian. Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Landscape Ecological Risk in Lake Basins of Central Yunnan Plateau[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2024, 44(5): 63-73. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202308029
Citation: Wang Shu, Liu Fenglian. Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Landscape Ecological Risk in Lake Basins of Central Yunnan Plateau[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2024, 44(5): 63-73. DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.202308029

滇中高原湖泊流域景观生态风险时空演变研究

Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Landscape Ecological Risk in Lake Basins of Central Yunnan Plateau

  • 摘要: 以滇中高原湖泊流域为研究对象,分析了2000—2020年的景观要素变化特征,在此基础上对景观格局指数进行分析,通过构建景观生态风险评价模型及空间自相关模型分析景观生态风险的时空分布特征。结果表明:2000—2020年,耕地和林地始终是滇中高原湖泊流域的基质景观,面积最小的景观始终为未利用地。研究期内,滇中高原湖泊流域景观生态风险有所改善,低风险区面积增加,中高风险区面积减少。2000—2020年,除分维度指数外,研究区内未利用地的各景观格局指数均为最高。总体上看,草地破碎度和损失度较高并呈上升趋势,建设用地的分离度和干扰度较高并呈下降趋势,水域的分维度与其余景观类型的分维度差距较大。由全局空间自相关分析可知,近20 a来,流域景观生态风险指数在空间分布上呈现正相关且空间聚集性在上升;由局部空间自相关分析可知,研究期内,“高–高”聚类主要分布在五华区、西山区、官渡区和盘龙区的交界处和呈贡区与澄江市的交界处,“低–低”聚类区域主要分布在湖泊及其周围和植被生长茂密的地区。本研究可为滇中高原湖泊流域的生态整治起积极作用,也可为区域生态保护和可持续发展提供有力支撑。

     

    Abstract: Taking the lake basins of Central Yunnan Plateau as the research object, we analyzed the change characteristics of landscape elements from 2000 to 2020 based on which we analyzed the landscape pattern index, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of landscape ecological risk by constructing a landscape ecological risk evaluation model and a spatial autocorrelation model. The results show that: From 2000 to 2020, cultivated land and forest land were always the substrate landscapes of lake basins of Central Yunnan Plateau, and the landscapes with the smallest area were always unutilized land. During the study period, the ecological risk of the landscape in lake basins of Central Yunnan Plateau improved, with the area of low-risk area increasing and the area of medium-high-risk area decreasing. From 2000 to 2020, except for the sub-dimension index, each landscape pattern index of unutilized land in the study area was the highest. Overall, the degree of grassland fragmentation and loss is higher and shows an increasing trend, the degree of separation and disturbance of construction land is higher and shows a decreasing trend, and the sub-dimension of the watershed has a large gap with the sub-dimension of the rest of the landscape types. From the global spatial autocorrelation analysis, it can be seen that over the past 20 years, the ecological risk index of basin landscapes has shown a positive correlation and spatial agglomeration in spatial distribution is on the rise; from the local spatial autocorrelation analysis, it can be seen that during the study period, the "high–high" clusters are mainly distributed in the junction of Wuhua District, Xishan District, Guandu District, and Panlong District, and the junction of Chenggong District and Chengjiang City, and the "low–low" clusters are mainly distributed in the lakes and their surroundings and the areas where the vegetation grows densely. The study will play a positive role in the ecological remediation in lake basins of Central Yunnan Plateau, and also provide a strong support for regional ecological protection and sustainable development.

     

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