Abstract: Road construction and its operation have had a profound impact on the growth, migration, and surrounding environment of animals and plants. With the increase of economic development and transportation demand, the ecological impact of roads on surrounding areas is bound to intensify. The road ecological effect zone refers to the influence range of the road on its surrounding ecological environment in the entire life cycle. As road ecological research deepens, its research value becomes increasingly apparent. Previous studies have shown that the road effect zone on various animals, plants and environment differs, and the effect zone depends on factors such as traffic intensity, time, species type and other factors. Based on a comprehensive review of road effect zone studies on animals, plants, and the environment in domestic and foreign literature, this paper identifies the limitations and suggests future directions in this field: future road effect zone studies should be combined with new technologies such as Big data and remote sensing technology. Future studies should be conducted in a more standardized and systematic manner. Pay attention to the interaction between animals, plants and environment, using road effect zone research to promote the improvement of environmental impact assessment system, related research should enhance its practicality to effectively guide biodiversity conservation and environmental efforts in the process of road construction and operation.