Abstract: In order to clarify the content and odor characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Eucalyptus wood particleboard and its surface and core layer dried strands, their VOCs components and odor characteristics were evaluate by using a headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and relative odor activity value (ROAV). The results showed that 105, 97 and 104 VOCs including aromatic hydrocarbon, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, alcohols and other compounds, were identified in Eucalyptus wood particleboard and two dried strands, respectively, with the highest content of olefinic compounds. The compounds with a higher relative content were safrole, isosafrole, (+)-aromadendrene, α-curcumene, (+)-ledene and Δ-cadinene. ROAV analysis showed that there were 32, 36 and 34 kinds of odor active ingredients in Eucalyptus wood particleboard and two dried strands, respectively. Among them, eight compounds including safrole, linalool, 1.8-cineole, hexanal, nonanal, (+)-α-pinene and (E)-2-nonenal contributed significantly to the odor released from Eucalyptus wood particleboard and two dried strands. HS-SPME-GC-MS combined with ROAV method to analyze the odor characteristics of Eucalyptus particleboard VOCs, which can visually respond to the contribution of various VOCs to the odor of the boards, providing a basis and reference for the later research on the elimination of odor of the boards, and the results of the study provide a reference for the production of high-quality Eucalyptus particleboards.