Abstract: Given the problems such as poor stability and easy splitting of bamboo holes in combination with embedded steel pipe joints of round bamboo filled with polyurethane materials between a steel pipe and a bamboo wall. The stress and failure forms of combined embedded steel pipe joints with or without polyurethane filling were discussed through experimental analysis and numerical simulation. The influencing factors of joint bearing capacity are analyzed. The results show that filling polyurethane can improve the bearing capacity of the joint combination embedded steel pipe for round bamboo and the stress state of the bamboo around the bolt holes. According to the stress-strain curve of the bamboo structure and bolt, considering the factors affecting safety and economy, when the diameter of round bamboo is 90mm, the bolt diameter is 12mm, the diameter of the steel pipe is 54mm, and the distance between the upper end and the bolt hole is 200mm, these are reasonable parameters for the joint. The research results can provide a reference for constructing large bamboo structures.