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大兴安岭次生林森林生态系统健康评价研究
Study on Forest Ecosystem Health Evaluation of Secondary Forest in Greater Hinggan Mountains
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摘要: 以大兴安岭根河林区和黑龙江漠河林区次生林为研究对象，随机选取30块样地对其群落结构、土壤状况、林分空间结构、抵抗力指标、水源涵养状况进行调查分析，选择平均胸径、单位面积蓄积量、全氮等16个评价指标，建立评价指标体系。运用森林健康评价综合指数评价大兴安岭次生林的森林生态系统健康状况，利用层次分析法确定各项指标权重，并结合地面样地调查数据，将研究区森林健康指数划分为5个等级。结果表明：该研究区13.33%的样地处于“亚健康”状态，26块“健康”等级的样地占总体占比86.67%，无不健康、中健康和优质森林。从林型角度分析，阔叶次生林森林健康状况较好，继续维持，以促进其向“优质”状态转变；针阔混交林森林健康状态偏低，适当植树造林、疏伐、修剪、施肥，还需加强森林防火工作，确保森林资源安全。在不同龄组中，健康状态最高的是幼龄林，亚健康状态最高的是成熟林。其中幼龄林健康占比91.18%，亚健康占比8.82%；中龄林健康占比87.30%，亚健康占比12.70%；近熟林健康占比74.96%，亚健康占比25.04%；成熟林健康占比33.33%，亚健康占比66.67%；过熟林健康占比66.67%，亚健康占比33.33%。总之，大兴安岭根河林区和黑龙江漠河林区的次生林森林具有较好的生态环境，大部分处于健康状态，而部分次生林需要采取一定的经营手段来提高其生态系统健康水平。Abstract: The community structure, soil status, stand spatial structure, resistance index and water conservation status of the Genhe forest area in the Greater Khingan Mountains and the secondary forest area in the Mohe forest area of Heilongjiang Province were investigated and analyzed in 30 plots. The evaluation index system was established by selecting 16 evaluation indexes, such as mean diameter at breast height, storage volume per unit area, total nitrogen, angular scale, fire hazard grade, pest grade and litter water capacity. The forest ecosystem health status of secondary forests in the Greater Hinggan Mountains was evaluated by using the comprehensive index of forest health evaluation, and the weight of each index was determined by using the analytic hierarchy process. The forest health index of the study area was divided into five levels, namely, high quality, healthy, sub-healthy, medium healthy and unhealthy, combined with the survey data of the ground plots. The results showed that 13. 33% of the plots in the study area were in the "sub-health" state, and the 26 plots of "healthy" grade accounted for 86.67% of the total, and there were no healthy, medium healthy and high-quality forests. From the perspective of forest type, the forest health status of broad-leaved secondary forest is better and should be maintained to promote its transformation to "high quality" state. The health status of mixed forest is low, and proper afforestation, thinning, pruning and fertilization need to strengthen forest fire prevention to ensure the safety of forest resources. In different age groups, the young forest has the highest health status, and the mature forest has the highest sub-health status. Among them, 91.18% were healthy and 8 82% were sub-healthy. The proportion of healthy and sub-healthy forests was 87.30% and 12.70% respectively. Nearly mature forest health accounted for 74.96%, sub-health accounted for 25.04%; 33.33% of mature forests were healthy, 66.67% were sub-healthy, 66.67% were over-mature forests were healthy.
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