Abstract: The Vespa mandarinia and V. velutina were collected using trapping methods, and the main components of the cuticular compounds of the 2 wasps were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that a total of 32 compounds were identified from the cuticular of the 2 wasps, dominated by hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids and alcohols, which accounted for 70.97% of the determined compound species. The types and contents of cuticular compounds differed between the 2 wasp species. The 5 most abundant compounds in V. mandarinia were 13-Methylheptacosane(32.31%), 2-Methyltetracosane(23.53%), Dotriacontane(14.61%), (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid(12.80%), and Cholesterol(5.70%), while the 5 most abundant compounds in V. velutina were Eicosane(22.45%), Tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite(19.13%), Dotriacontane (17.55%), (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid(15.66%), and 13-Methylheptacosane(5.52%). Of the 5 compounds with the highest relative amounts in the 2 wasps, 2-Methyltetracosane was present only in the V. Mandarinia. The relative contents of tridecane and (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid were relatively close in the cuticular of the 2 wasps, while the relative contents of Eicosane, 13-Methyloctadecanes, Tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite had large variations in the cuticular of the 2 wasps. The study of the cuticular compounds of the 2 wasp species can help to further reveal their habits and behavioural characteristics, with a view to providing a reference for better pest control and green prevention and control.