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寻甸不同生境类型的蝴蝶多样性时空动态分析
A spatial and temporal analysis of butterfly diversity in different habitat types in Xundian county, Yunnan province, China
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摘要: 为了探讨蝴蝶作为环境监测指示物种在云南寻甸县的物种多样性分布情况,2022年6月至2023年5月,利用样线法对寻甸县7种生境的蝴蝶多样性进行了比较。结果表明:在7种生境中,共记录蝴蝶物种74种,隶属于9科49属。其中酢浆灰蝶和欧洲粉蝶个体数量最多;河谷的蝴蝶物种丰富度最高,草原的个体数量最多;不同生境类型间的蝴蝶物种数和香农威纳指数存在差异。生境类型间的蝴蝶物种组成以周转过程主导,其中天然林和农田生境的周转值最大,村庄和草原生境的嵌套值最大。寻甸县蝴蝶多样性存在明显的月份变化,7月物种数最多,5月最少。因此,寻甸县的蝴蝶生物多样性保护应以全生境保护为宜,以兼顾不同的蝴蝶类群,其中蝴蝶物种数最高的河谷生境应优先保护;同时,在蝴蝶多样性最高的月份,应给予重点监测。Abstract: As an indicator taxus for environmental monitoring, butterflies play an important role in ecosystem services. Xundian county is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province, in the middle of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.. However, researching the diversity of butterfly species in Xundian County is still lacking. In the present study, we described a study conducted from June 2022 to May 2023 to compare butterfly diversity in 7 habitats in Xundian of Yunnan province. The study used line transect to record butterfly species and found a total of 74 species, belonging to 9 families and 49 genera. Among these, Pseudozizeeria maha and Pieris brassicae had the largest abundance. The results showed that the diversity of butterfly was highest in the valley area, and the number of individuals was highest in grasslands. There are differences in the species richness and Shannon-Wiener index between habitats. Beta diversity analysis revealed that the butterfly species composition in different habitats was dominated by the turnover components. Among them, the turnover components of natural forests and farmland were the largest, while the nestedness components of villages and grasslands were the largest. We also found that butterfly diversity varied over the months, with the highest diversity observed in July and the lowest in May. This study provides basic data and policy guidance for butterfly diversity conservation and management in Xundian County. From a conservation perspective, the conservation strategy should focus on protecting the entire ecosystem, with particular attention paid to valley area with the highest butterfly diversity. In addition, relevant government management departments should pay special attention to monitoring during the months with the highest butterfly diversity.