Abstract: Using 6 species from the stem of Piper kadsura as test materials, volatile oil was extracted using the water vapor, and its components were determined by GC−MS. The results showed that the yield of volatile oil from 6 species from the stem of P. kadsura ranged from 0.075% to 0.266%. A total of 158 main volatile components were identified from 6 species, including terpenes, hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ketones, aldehydes, heterocycles, and others. The main compounds were gamma−terpinene, 1−methylene−4−(1−methylvinyl) cyclohexane, and pinene. There were 29 main common components in the volatile oils extracted from 6 species, which could serve as markers for authenticating these oils. Specific components with relatively high content were not detected. The provenance of Shaxian, Fujian Province were high-quality sources with a yield of volatile oil and a relative content of limonene, reaching 0.266% and 20.46%, respectively. The similarity of volatile oils in the stems of 6 P. kadsura ranged from 0.785 to 0.968. This suggests that there were significant differences in the yield and composition of volatile oil from the stems of P. kadsura among different sources. The main flavor contributing substances of volatile oil were gamma-turpentene and limonene.