3种土壤熏蒸技术对烤烟土传病害防控效果及农艺性状的影响

韩庆莉; 韩学应; 刘正玲; 田继娟; 杨松兵; 徐应超; 陈雅琼

doi:10.11929/j.swfu.202402032

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3种土壤熏蒸技术对烤烟土传病害防控效果及农艺性状的影响

Effects of three different soil fumigation on control of soil-borne diseases and agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco

摘要

摘要: 结合昆明市烟田小春作物种类及种植模式，开展了棉隆熏蒸、芥菜生物熏蒸、棉隆与芥菜联合熏蒸芥菜生物熏蒸3种土壤消毒处理试验，比较3种土壤熏蒸消毒技术对烤烟土传病害的防控及产量的影响。结果表明：375 kg/hm²棉隆熏蒸处理、生物芥菜熏蒸处理、150 kg/ hm²棉隆与芥菜联合熏蒸处理对土传病害4种代表性病原物杀灭率分别为，疫霉97.51%、45.09%、80.27%，腐霉97.56%、48.63%、72.14%，镰刀菌95.51%、55%、72.14%，根结线虫93.99%，65%，83.18%；对烤烟4种土传病害防控率分别为，黑胫病88.10%、66.93%、78.44%，根黑腐病91.05%、71.90%、85.03%，根结线虫病91.05%、64.78%、74.42%，青枯病61.30%、43%、57.33%；3种熏蒸处理对烟株的茎粗、叶片数、叶长和叶宽均有正向增长的影响，烤烟产量分别为对照的1.79倍、1.26倍、1.52倍。3种熏蒸处理对烤烟土传病害均有一定的防控和增产效果，棉隆熏蒸病害防控和增产均为极显著，而其中棉隆与芥菜联合熏蒸处于棉隆和芥菜熏蒸之间。棉降联合芥菜熏蒸是一种新型有效的农药减量技术，实际生产中，可根据不同的植烟土壤中疫霉菌、腐霉菌、镰刀菌及根结线虫的数量采取不同的熏蒸消毒方式。

Abstract: Yunnan is the main planting area of tobacco in China. With the increase of continuous cropping years, pathogenic organisms accumulate in soil year by year, and soil-borne diseases become more and more serious, which become an important obstacle factor restricting the sustainable development of tobacco planting. Combine the plant species planted in Kunming tobacco field in spring which is harvested before transplanting tobacco seedlings, the effects of chemical, biological and combined chemical and biological fumigation techniques on the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases and yield of flue-cured tobacco were studied for the first time.The killing rates of the four representative pathogens of soil-borne diseases by 375 kg/ hm² dazomet treatment, biological mustard fumigation treatment, 150 kg/ hm² dazomet combined with mustard were, respectively, 97.51%, 45.09%, 80.27% for phytophthora, 97.56%, 48.63%, 72.14% for pythium, 95.51%, 55%, 72.14% for fusarium, 93.99%, 65%, 83.18% for root knot nematode; the prevention and control rates of four soil-borne tobacco diseases were, respectively, 88.10%, 66.93%, 78.44% for black shank, 91.05%、71.90%、85.03% for black root rot, 91.05%、64.78%、74.42% for root knot nematode disease, 61.30%、43%、57.33% for bacterial wilt; the stem diameter, leaf number, leaf length and leaf width of the three fumigation treatments increased positively, and the yield of flue-cured tobacco was 1.79 times, 1.26 times and 1.52 times that of the control , respectively. The results showed that the three fumigation treatments had a certain effect on the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases and yield increase of flue-cured tobacco, and effect of dazomet were the most significant, and the effect of combined was between dazomet treatment and mustard treatment. Dazomet and mustard fumigation is a new and effective pesticide reduction technology. In production, different fumigation and disinfection methods can be adopted according to the number of phytophthora, rot, fusarium and root-knot nematode in different tobacco planting soil.

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