Abstract: Taking the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin as the research object, under the support of GIS technology, combined with the evaluation of the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity, a two-dimensional correlation judgment matrix was constructed to carry out the natural ecological space control zoning, and relevant control opinions were put forward.The results showed that : The importance of water conservation function was generally high in the east and low in the west. The importance of soil and water conservation function was scattered, and the importance of biodiversity conservation function was generally reduced from east to west. The sensitivity of soil erosion is gradually distributed from east to west, and the spatial distribution of land desertification sensitivity is more dispersed, and the land desertification is more serious. The natural ecological space is divided into three types of regions, among which the high-important and high-sensitive areas account for about 33.39 % of the total area ; the moderately important sensitive area accounted for about 47.70 % of the total area. The low importance and low sensitivity area accounts for about 18.91 % of the total area. In general, the ecological environment sensitivity of the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin is generally high. Therefore, in order to alleviate the sensitivity of the ecological environment and implement ecological restoration measures, the natural ecological space can be divided according to the evaluation of ecosystem service function and ecological sensitivity, so as to give zoning control suggestions, and provide scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of natural resources and ecological environment protection in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin.