Abstract: Taking Erhai Lake Basin as the research area, based on the land use change data from 2005 to 2020, this study used the InVEST model to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of habitat quality and habitat degradation in the Erhai Lake Basin.Combined with the Moran's I index to analyze the aggregation characteristics of habitat quality.The results showed that during the study period, the transfer of land use types in the Erhai Lake Basin is mainly manifested in the transformation of various types of non construction land to construction land, as well as the mutual transformation of forest land, grassland, and cultivated land.The habitat degradation degree of Erhai Lake Basin gradually decreased in four periods of 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, the habitat quality indexes were 0.6810, 0.6809, 0.6786 and 0.6725. The overall habitat quality was good but showed a downward trend, with a decrease of 1.25%. The standard deviation increased from 0.2892 to 0.3040, indicating an expansion of spatial differences in habitat quality.The habitat quality of Erhai Lake Basin has aggregation characteristics in spatial distribution. The Moran's I index decreased year by year, indicating a dispersed trend in spatial clustering of habitat quality.In the future, we should control the intensity of development and utilization, guide the tourism industry reasonably, reduce human interference with the ecological environment, and achieve sustainable green and high-quality development.