Abstract: In order to reveal the distribution of ant species in the central and southern regions of the Western Sichuan Plateau, the distribution pattern of ant species in this region was studied by using the sample plot method, and the horizontal distribution, vertical distribution, habitat, foraging sites and nesting sites of ant species were analyzed respectively. The results showed that a total of 1458 specimens of 69053 ants were collected from the central and southern regions of the Western Sichuan Plateau. Through classification and identification, they are categorized into 5 subfamilies and 31 genera, with a total of 88 species(including 9 undetermined species). By studying their distribution, the ants in this area are mostly distributed horizontally in only 1 or 2 areas. From the vertical distribution, it can be seen that most of the ecological suitable ranges of ants in the central and southern regions of the Western Sichuan Plateau are relatively narrow, and the nesting sites of ants are mainly under the soil and rocks with good concealing, while the foraging sites are in the soil and surface with abundant resources. Through the analysis of the research results, the distribution of ants is mainly affected by their own adaptability, and is also closely related to the climate characteristics, vegetation types, altitude difference and material resources in the region.