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云南植被亚型分布及其景观干扰效应研究
Study on the Distribution of Vegetation Subtypes in Yunnan and their Landscape Disturbance Effects
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摘要: 基于2016年森林资源调查数据,选取云南18种植被亚型,利用参数优化的MaxEnt模型,结合气候、地形和土壤等环境因子,预测植被亚型分布并探讨实际与理论分布差异及其对景观干扰的响应机制。结果表明:模型预测精度(AUC)均在0.9以上且TSS均在0.6以上,等温性、最冷月最低温、年降水量和海拔为主要驱动因子。实际分布以半湿润常绿阔叶林为主,而预测分布中暖温性针叶林占优势。景观干扰度分析表明,植被亚型分布主要受中低度至中度干扰影响,生态系统表现出一定的适应性与恢复力。本研究为区域生态保护与植被恢复提供了参考,对优化资源管理、巩固云南省生态安全屏障功能具有重要意义。Abstract: Based on the forest resource inventory data in 2016, 18 vegetation subtypes in Yunnan Province were selected. The MaxEnt model with optimized parameters was used to predict the distribution of vegetation subtypes in combination with climate, topography, soil and other variables. The differences between the actual distribution and the theoretical distribution and their response mechanism to landscape disturbance were explored. The results showed that the model prediction accuracy(AUC) was above 0.9 and the TSS was above 0.6. Isothermality(bio3), the lowest temperature of the coldest month(bio6), annual precipitation(bio12) and altitude(Elev) were the main driving factors. The actual distribution was dominated by semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests, while the predicted distribution was dominated by warm temperate coniferous forests. This difference was mainly due to the interference of human activities with vegetation distribution, resulting in the areas suitable for the growth of warm temperate coniferous forests being actually covered by semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests. The analysis of the degree of landscape disturbance showed that the distribution of vegetation subtypes was mainly affected by low to moderate disturbances, and the ecosystem showed a certain degree of adaptability and resilience. In the future, it is necessary to accurately control the degree of disturbance and maintain the stability of the ecosystem to cope with the potential threats brought by climate change and human activities. This study provides a scientific basis for regional ecological protection and vegetation restoration, and has important guiding significance for optimizing resource management and consolidating the ecological security barrier function in Yunnan Province.