Abstract: To gain a comprehensive understanding of carbon stock, carbon density, and their geographical distribution in Chuxiong Prefecture, the study utilized the database in 2021 Forest Resources Situation of Chuxiong Prefecture as the primary data source, and the total forest biomass calculation in the biomass equation method incorporated the carbon content of various tree species to determine the carbon stock and carbon density in Chuxiong Prefecture. The analysis of carbon stock and carbon density was conducted based on factors such as forest type, forest land ownership, forest origin, and forest age group. The results show that the carbon stock of forest in Chuxiong Prefecture is 59207354 t, the average carbon density is 29.20 t/hm². The carbon stock of arbor forest is 5652958 t, accounting for 95.48% of the total carbon stock in the state. The collective forest has a larger carbon stock than the state-owned, but the carbon density is less than the state-owned forest. The natural forest carbon stock is 41364150 t, accounting for 69.86% of the total carbon stock, of which the carbon stock of natural arbor forest is 39743636 t, accounting for 67.13% of the total carbon stock, and the carbon stock and carbon density of natural forest are both greater than the artificial forest. The carbon stock of Pinus yunnanensis and Quercus forest are the highest in arbor forest, reaching 50426571 t, accounting for 85.17% of the total carbon stock. Forest vegetation carbon stock and carbon density both show a higher trend in the south and northwest, and a lower trend in the central and northeast, the distribution of stock and carbon density is unbalanced. The largest carbon storage in Shuangbai County is 9.3 times greater than that of the smallest Yuanmou County, and the highest carbon density in Shuangbai County is 2.3 times greater than that of the smallest Yuanmou County. This study offers technological support and a foundation for decision-making to reach carbon peak and carbon neutrality in Chuxiong Prefecture. By comprehensively understanding the distribution characteristics of carbon storage and carbon density in the area, a scientific basis is established for enhancing the carbon sink capacity of forest vegetation, attaining carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and effectively developing and utilizing carbon sink resources.