Abstract: As a sudden natural disaster, a forest fire poses a serious threat to the sustainability of forest resources and ecosystem stability. Given the frequent occurrence of forest fires and their wide-ranging impacts, satellite remote sensing technology, with its ability to provide large-scale, real-time monitoring, has become a focal point of research and practice in forest fire monitoring. This paper systematically explores satellite remote sensing technology in forest fire monitoring, technical applications, and facing challenges. It covers the three stages of pre-fire risk warning, fire detection during the event, and post-fire damage assessment. In the future, forest fire monitoring using satellite remote sensing is expected to evolve towards high spatiotemporal resolution, multi-source satellite data fusion, coordination between drones and satellite remote sensing, and intelligent data processing. These advancements aim to improve the accuracy and timeliness of forest fire monitoring.