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基于太阳高度角的干旱半干旱地区造林整地技术研究
Site Preparation Technology in Arid and Semi-arid Region Based on Solar Elevation Angle
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摘要: 综述干旱半干旱地区造林整地方法,提出了以太阳高度角测算整地技术规格的方法,为干旱半干旱地区造林提供新的技术思路。研究表明,目前造林整地技术重蓄水而轻水分无效消耗问题,在设计整地技术规格时未重视土壤蒸发因素;通过整地方式解决减少或抑制土壤蒸发是关键技术,需要精确测算栽植深度与直径比(穴状整地)、整地深度、栽植深度等整地技术规格。本研究对北纬39°~50°的干旱半干旱地区,针对高纬度区域蒸发量大、造林成活率低的问题,提出差异化整地参数;在北纬39°~50°地区栽植深度与直径比下限为3.6~2.0,随纬度增加而递减,低于该限则太阳直射到翻土面,增加土壤蒸发。其中,在北纬39°~44°地区,当穴状整地直径为30 cm时,栽植深度和整地深度分别为80.2~108.2、110.2~138.2 cm;在北纬45°~50°地区,当穴状整地直径为40 cm时,栽植深度和整地深度分别为80.2~101.5、110.2~131.5 cm。本研究提出的造林整地技术以减少土壤蒸发作为目标,能够避免太阳直射翻土面,有效降低穴内温度,减缓土壤含水率下降速度,有利于造林成活率。Abstract: This article provides an overview of afforestation and land preparation methods in arid and semi-arid regions, and for the first time proposes a method and approach for calculating land preparation technical specifications based on solar elevation angle, providing new technical ideas and support for afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions. Research suggests that current afforestation and land preparation techniques prioritize water storage over ineffective water consumption, and do not take into account soil evaporation factors when designing land preparation specifications. Reducing or inhibiting soil evaporation through land preparation is a key technology. Accurate calculation of soil preparation and planting depth to diameter ratio(hole shaped soil preparation), soil preparation depth, planting depth, and other soil preparation technical specifications is required. This study proposes differentiated land preparation parameters to address the issues of high evaporation and low afforestation survival rate in arid and semi-arid regions between 39°-50° north latitude. The lower limit of the ratio of planting depth to diameter in the 39°-50 ° north latitude area is 3.6-2.0, which decreases with increasing latitude. Below this limit, the sun shines directly on the turning surface, increasing soil evaporation. In the region of 39°-44 ° N latitude, when the diameter of the hole shaped soil preparation is 30 cm, the planting depth and soil preparation depth are 108.2-80.2 cm and 138.2-110.2 cm, respectively; In the latitude range of 45°-50 ° N, when the diameter of the hole shaped soil preparation is 40 cm, the planting depth and soil preparation depth are 101.5-80.2 cm and 131.5-110.2 cm, respectively. The afforestation and land preparation technology proposed in this study aims to reduce soil evaporation, which can avoid direct sunlight on the soil surface, effectively reduce the temperature inside the hole, slow down the rate of soil moisture content decline, and benefit the survival rate of afforestation.