Abstract: MaxEnt model was utilized to assess the potential suitable distribution areas of the rare and endangered species Lirianthe henryi in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, based on 96 occurrence records and 22 environmental variables, and to analyze conservation gaps as well as the key environmental factors affecting its distribution. The results showed that the model predictions had high accuracy and reliability (AUC = 0.9804), and could be effectively used to predict the geographical distribution of L. henryi in Xishuangbanna. The species' distribution is primarily influenced by precipitation, elevation, and temperature variables, all of which are strongly correlated with elevation. The predicted suitable habitat was primarily concentrated in central Jinghong and the south-central region of Mengla, with a total area of 10,691.80 km². Conservation gap analysis revealed that the actual suitable habitat was only 5,055.46 km², with merely 1,986.87 km² falling within designated protected areas, leaving an unprotected gap of 3,068.59 km². To enhance the conservation of L. henryi, it is recommended to implement ex situ conservation strategies such as artificial propagation and reintroduction, promote its application in ecological restoration, and strengthen research in plant biology and ecology to ensure the long-term survival of the species.