Abstract: The equivalent factor method was employed to quantitatively evaluate the Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) of Anqing City in 2003, 2013, and 2023. Combined with spatial autocorrelation analysis, cold-hot spot analysis, and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR), the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms were systematically analyzed. Results showed that Anqing's total ESV increased from 2,003,874.25 yuan in 2003 to 2,102,630.71 yuan in 2023. Water areas accounted for the largest proportion (65%–66%), while unused land accounted for the least (less than 1%). ESV showed significant spatial differentiation, with high-value areas per unit area stably in the western and southern parts, and low-value areas in the eastern and northern parts. The influencing factors exhibited obvious spatial heterogeneity in their impacts. The study reveals that the interaction between natural constraints and human activities drives ESV differentiation, providing a scientific basis for optimizing ecological space and promoting sustainable development in Anqing.