Abstract: An analysis on the data of the plant species in family Orchidaceae collected from the survey in the Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province showed that the nature reserve was characterized with rich species diversity, large population and complete life forms of orchid plants. The survey showed there were totally 250 species belonging to 74 genera of orchid plants, among which 163 species were epiphytic, 82 were sedentary and 5 were saprophytic. It was showed that the orchid plants were widely distributed with diversified habitats. The vertical distribution of orchid plants presented a humpshaped pattern along the elevation gradient. The change tendency of the terrestrial life form, epiphytic and saprophytic life form orchid plants was about the same. There were only 30 species endemic to China. The composition of IndiaBurma flora was conspicuous, and there were 131 species commonly distributed in China and Myanmar. Within the eastern boundary of distribution in China, there were 45 species distributed in Yunnan Province, among which 2 of the 45 species were endemic in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve.