Abstract: The sustainable development and management of nature reserves is closely related to the influence of surrounding community residents. The universally existing interest problems between the management of nature reserves and benefits desired by the surrounding community residents were analyzed by formulating a dynamic game model, and the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of the dynamic game under different conditions were obtained. The strategy profiles of the optimal subgame perfect Nash equilibrium were discussed and relevant recommendations were finally proposed in order to realize the harmonious development between the nature reserves and the surrounding community residents.