Abstract: Taking microfiber as object, Lewis acid ZnCl2 as catalyst, the influences of reaction temperature, reaction time, hydrogen pressure and the ZnCl2 dosage on the cellulose liquefaction effect were studied. The results showed that the conversion rate of cellulose rose along with the increasing of reaction temperature, reaction duration time, hydrogen pressure and the amount of ZnCl2 catalyst. Under the conditions with reaction temperature at 320 ℃, reaction duration time for 30 min, hydrogen pressure of 2 MPa and the catalyst ZnCl2 dosage as 10 wt%, the liquefaction effect was the best, the conversion ratio could reach 92%.