Abstract: Taking the sum of squared residuals as the objective function, the cuckoo search algorithm was applied to fit parameters for the site index curve model according to the practicability and the accuracy requirement. The comparative analyses of the realistic examples with the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the immune algorithm showed that the parameters which were fitted by cuckoo search algorithm made the overall errors of the model smaller with higher precision. It was also showed that the simplicity of cuckoo search algorithm made it easier to fit parameters for the site index curve model, so as to improve the practicability of the model.