Abstract: The bamboo powder was liquefied with microwave heating by taking phenol as the liquefying reagents and sulfuric acid as catalytic. The effect of different liquefying factors on residue rate was studied. The results showed that the optimum technological parameters included 500 W for microwave power, 4.5∶1.0 as the liquidsolid ratio, 9 % of sulfuric acid as catalytic reagent, 8 minutes as the reaction duration under 155 ℃ as reaction temperature. Only 0327 % of residue rate occurred under above optimal conditions It was found out that temperature was the most important factor to influence the liquefaction effect in the liquefying process, followed by the catalyst dosage,reaction time duration, and the liquidsolid ratio. The IR spectrum analysis showed that the aromatic ring was introduced into the molecular structure of bamboo powder after the liquefaction process.