Abstract: In order to study the different characteristics variation frequency and diversity index, 18 Camellia meiocarpa populations in distribute area and leaf phenotype were chosen as materials. Those results showed that apart from leaf length and shape factor which were left deviation, other 6 leaf traits were right deviation. Each phenotypic data data distributed nearby mean value and formed highly steep value. The variation type of Camellia meiocarpas leaf phenotype was quite rich and high evenness.The diversity index of quantitative trait variation was higher than that of quality traits. According to diversity index among different population, it just had a little difference. The diversity index (29698) of P4 was maximum, and P15(26756)was minimum. The diversity index of the most phenotypic traits was not related to choreographic factor, and the major ecological factor that effected diversity index level of phenotypic traits was Hy and Tau. The diversity index of main phenotypic traits related to ecological factor were LA′ and LW′/LL′.Fitting results of LP′ and LW′/LL′ were best to longitude and latitude in three times of trend surface analysis. The different level was significant or very significant.