Abstract: Puyang City is located in the north shore of the Alluvial Plain in lower reaches of the Yellow River. Based on Landsat8 TM image interpretation, using ENVI 50 and field investigation was made in a sample plot with an area of 999578hm2. The analysis on ecosystem diversity at three levels of the landscape and its characteristic in Puyang City，ecosystem and community were made. The result showed that in Puyang City， landscape element can be classified into dry farm land， wet farm land， forest and protection forest, in which the dry farm land and surrounding forestry shelter is the landscape matrix for large amount patches and area; almost every landscape patch has a higher degree of fragmentation but a simple shape; the diversity and evenness indexes on the landscape level are 13167 and 08181， respectively. Puyang City has a relatively abundant ecosystem types with the main types of dry farmland， residential and forest stand; the diversity and evenness indexes on the ecosystem level are17126 and 07794， respectively. The species diversity of typical community changes much in different ecosystem but is affected deeply by herb layer; more forest community is Populus single privilege one， with lower diversity level than that of natural community. The result also suggests that the future development should be focused on the constructing and conservation of forestry shelter system with diverse type and complex structure to lay a base for biodiversity conservation， biological control and to provide protection for higher and stable agricultural yield. The results could provide method exploration for multilevel research and monitoring of biodiversity， and theoretical base mode selection， structure configuration and optimization of forest shelter for farmland