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胶东丘陵地区不同林分类型改良土壤效应研究
Study on soil improvement effect of different stand types in Jiaodong hilly area
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摘要: 选取胶东半岛昆嵛山森林公园缓冲区的刺槐 + 白杨 + 麻栎混交林(CBM)、油松 + 柞树混交林(YZ)、板栗经济林(BL)、黑松防护林(HS)4种不同林分类型作为研究对象,以裸地(CK)作为对照,分析土壤容重、孔隙度和蓄水量等10个土壤物理指标,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和速效养分等8个养分指标,采用主成分分析法和模糊数学隶属函数法综合评价不同林分对土壤的改良效应。结果表明:4种林分类型对土壤水分物理特征和养分特征均有改良效应,降低土壤容重,增强土壤蓄水能力,提高土壤肥力;不同林分类型对0~20 cm土层的改良效果优于20~40 cm土层,阔叶混交林对土壤的改良效果优于纯林;综合改良效果以刺槐 + 白杨 + 麻栎混交林最好,其次是黑松林和油松 + 柞树混交林,板栗林改良效果相对较差。为减少研究区水土流失,提高土壤涵蓄水分能力,增加土壤养分积累,应选择多树种混交方式进行栽植。Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different forest types on soil physical properties and soil nutrients in the hilly area of Jiao dong Peninsula, and provide a basis for tree species selection and planting management for soil and water conservation construction in this area. Take the bare land as a control, four forest types were selected in this research, mixed forest of Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentosa and Quercus acutissima; mixed forest of Pinus tabuliformis and Quercus mongolica; cash forest of Castanea mollissima; shelter forest of Pinus thunbergii. 10 soil physical indexes such as soil bulk density, porosity and water storage capacity, 8 nutrient indexes such as soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available nutrients were measured and analyzed. Comprehensive evaluation of soil improvement effects of different forest types by principal component analysis and fuzzy mathematics membership function method. The results show that: (1) The four forest types have improvement effects on soil physical and chemical characteristics, such as reducing bulk density, increasing water storage capacity of soil, and improving the nuteient content of soil. (2) The improvement effect of different forest types on 0~20cm soil layer was better than that of 20~40cm soil layer, and the soil improvement effect of broad-leaved mixed forest was better than that of pure forest. (3) The best comprehensive improvement effect of the four forest types is the mixed forest of Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentosa and Quercus acutissima, followed by shelter forest of Pinus thunbergii, mixed forest of Pinus tabuliformis and Quercus mongolica, and cash forest of Castanea mollissima is relatively poor. In order to reduce water and soil loss in the research area, improve water storage capacity of soil and increase nutrient accumulation, it is necessary to choose the mixed planting method of multi-tree species to improve the improvement effect of soil.