Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of artificial aging and sodium lignate immersion on seed vigor and physiological characteristics of Pinus tabuliformis seeds subjected to various aging durations(2, 4, 6, 8, 10 d, recorded as A2, A4, A6, A8, A10, respectively), artificial accelerated aging of seeds using high temperature and high humidity methods, using Pinus tabuliformis seeds as experimental materials. The research involved measuring germination indicators, malondialdehyde(MDA) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in seeds subjected to various aging durations. Additionally, 3 different concentrations(25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L) of sodium lignate(BCOL, BCL, and BCMOL) were applied to both non-aged seeds and seeds aged for 4 days. Analyzing differences in germination potential and germination rate of P. tabuliformis seeds. The results demonstrate that the germination potential, germination rate and germination index of P. tabuliformis seeds decrease progressively with extended aging periods. Seed germination decreased to 25.67% for 10 days of aging. Moreover, MDA content was heavily accumulated, while the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT activities were significantly reduced. Notably, treatment of non-aged(A0) and aged 4 days(A4) P. tabuliformis seeds with medium concentration of BCOL(100 mg/L), medium concentration of BCL(50, 100 mg/L) and medium concentration of BCMOL(100 mg/L) resulted in 6.08%, 4.66%, 5.33% and 10.33%, 8.66%, 10.00% higher germination rate than the control. Therefore, the vitality of artificially aged P. tabuliformis seeds decreased significantly beyond 4 days, while MDA accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased in the seeds. If we need to promote the germination of un-aged seeds, 100 mg/L BCOL and BCMOL, 50 mg/L BCL seed immersion treatment for 24 h is more effective; if we need to promote the germination of aged seeds, we can choose a 100 mg/L sodium lignate seed immersion for 24 h.