Abstract: The surface of poplar veneer was modified with chitosan by impregnation method, and then the modified poplar veneer was formed with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) film, and the poplar /ABS laminates were prepared by hot pressing process. The surface chemical properties, micro-morphology, mechanical properties, thermodynamic properties and antibacterial properties of the laminate were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, X-ray diffractometer and anti-Escherichia coli test. The modification effect of the laminate impregnated with chitosan solution of different concentrations (4, 8, 16 g/L) was analyzed. The results show that chitosan can be paired with lignocellulose and ABS to form a cross-linked network by hydrogen bonding, and the crystal structure of the laminates is not significantly changed by addition of chitosan and thermoforming. The adhesive nail microinterface phase formed by resin melting flow during hot pressing is beneficial to the effective adhesion and stability of the laminate structure. Compared with unmodified laminates, the modified laminates have higher mechanical properties (static bending strength 69.14MPa, tensile strength 43.45MPa, bonding strength 1.51MPa). After chitosan modification, the residual amount of thermal degradation of poplar-ABS laminates increased by 2.16% compared with unmodified samples. The antibacterial rate of poplar wood-ABS laminates modified with high concentration chitosan against Escherichia coli reached 61.8%.