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阿尔泰山林区雷击火的时空分布格局及影响因子研究

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Lightning Fires in the Altai Mountain Forest Area

  • 摘要: 以阿尔泰山林区为研究区,基于历史雷击火数据,分析不同时空尺度下研究区的雷击火分布规律,使用平均最近邻分析和核密度分析等方法分析雷击火的空间分布格局;利用Pearson相关性分析等方法,分析地形、气象等因素对研究区雷击火的影响。结果表明:2002—2022年阿尔泰山林区共发生96次雷击火,多发生在6—8月,其中7月份最多;在一天中雷击火集中在13:00—19:00,其中16:00—17:00是最容易发生雷击火的时段。阿尔泰山林区的雷击火呈显著的空间聚集性,集中分布在哈巴河分局和布尔津分局,青河分局的雷击火发生最少,仅3次;火点分布密度最高的区域为哈巴河分局的南部、以及哈巴河分局与喀纳斯自然保护区交界的部分地区,但整体火点密度较低;阿尔泰山林区的雷击火发生次数与月平均温度呈极显著相关,与年降水量显著相关。雷击火主要发生在海拔1500~2000 m,坡度为6°~25°的缓坡和陡坡;雷击火的坡向总体分布在阴坡和半阴坡;最容易发生雷击火的林分类型为西伯利亚落叶松。研究结果明确了阿尔泰山林区雷击火的时空分布格局及影响因素,可为雷击火的防控提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Taking the Altai Mountain Forest Region as the study area, this study analyzes the distribution patterns of lightning fires in the region at different spatial and temporal scales based on the historical lightning fires data. Methods such as average nearest neighbor analysis and kernel density analysis are employed to examine the spatial distribution patterns of lightning-caused fires. Additionally, Pearson correlation analysis and other techniques are used to investigate the influence of topographical and meteorological factors on lightning fires in the study area. The results show that: From 2002 to 2022, a total of 96 lightning fires occurred in the Altai Mountains forest area, most of which occurred from June to August, with the highest number in July. Lightning fires are most concentrated between 1:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m., with the period between 4:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. being the most prone to lightning fires. Lightning fires in the Altai Mountain forest region exhibit significant spatial clustering, with the majority concentrated in the Habahe Branch and Burqin Branch. The Qinghe Branch has the fewest lightning fires, with only three incidents reported. The areas with the highest density of fire points are the southern part of the Habahe Branch and the areas bordering the Habahe Branch and the Kanas Nature Reserve, but the overall fire point density is low. The number of lightning fires in the Altai Mountain forest region is extremely significantly correlated with the monthly average temperature and significantly correlated with the annual precipitation. Lightning fires mainly occur at altitudes of 1,500 to 2,000 meters, on gentle slopes and steep slopes with gradients of 6° to 25°. The overall distribution of lightning fires is on shaded slopes and semi-shaded slopes. The forest type most prone to lightning fires is Larix sibirica. The research results clarify the spatial and temporal distribution pattern and influencing factors of lightning-induced fires in the Altai Mountain forest region, providing a reference for the prevention and control of lightning fires.

     

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