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骆马湖湿地典型草本植物群落多样性及可入侵性的季节差异特征
Seasonal Effects on species diversity and invasibility of herbaceous communities in Luoma Lake wetland
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摘要: 结合样线和样方法,分别于2022年8月(夏季)及2023年4月(春季)对骆马湖湿地开展植被调查,分析其野生维管植物物种组成和区系特征,天然草本植物群丛主要类型及其物种多样性和可入侵性的季节差异规律,探究群落中本土物种多样性和可入侵性之间的相关关系。结果表明:湿地内共调查到野生维管植物54科158属232种;本土野生维管植物区系组成在科级水平上以世界广布型占优势,在属级水平上则以温带分布型为主;湿地的春、夏两季均分布有12种主要草本植物群丛类型,但物种组成显著不同;草地生境中群落的物种多样性指数较高,草本沼泽生境居中,湖泊生境较低;虽然季节因素对群落的物种多样性指数和可入侵性指数本身无显著作用,但对两者间相互关系具有重要影响:群落中本土物种的Partrick丰富度指数和Simpson多样性指数对群落可入侵性有抑制作用,而Shannon-Wiener多样性指数则有促进作用,且上述作用在夏季更强。Abstract: To investigate the species and floral compositions, association types, as well as seasonal dynamics in the relationships between species diversity and invasibility of herbaceous communities in Luoma Lake wetland, plant surveys were perfomred in the summer (August) of 2022 and the spring (April) of 2023, using transect and quadrat methods. The results showed that (1) there were 232 wild vascular species from 158 genera and 54 families. (2) Within the native wild species pool, cosmopolitan was the most abundant floral type at the family level, while temperate became the most abundant type at the genus level. (3) Both spring and summer natural herbaceous communities can be classificed into 12 major association types, which though varied in species compositions between seasons. (4) Species diversity indices of communities were highest in grassland habitat, intermedium in marsh habitat, and lowest in lake habitat. (5) Although season had no significant effect on species diversity or invasibility index per se, it can influence their relationships: community invasibility index was nagetively affected by Partrick abundance index and Simpson diversity index, while positively affected by Shannon-Wienner diversity index of native species in the communities; and the strengths of these effects were stronger in summer than in spring.