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基于改进遥感生态指数的曲靖市生态环境评价及驱动力分析

Ecological Environment Evaluation and Driving Force Analysis of Qujing Based on Improved Remote Sensing Ecological Index Model

  • 摘要: 以2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年的Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像为主要数据源,构建改进的喀斯特遥感生态指数。采用Sen斜率估计和Mann–Kendall趋势检验相结合的方法,对曲靖市2000—2020年的生态环境质量进行时空变化分析;同时,采用最优参数地理探测器模型优化空间数据的分区效应,研究不同因素对生态环境质量空间异质性的影响。结果表明:2000—2020年,曲靖市生态环境质量整体改善,具有显著的空间异质性。在空间上呈现“西北低东南高”的分布格局,且“优”和“良”级别的面积逐步增加。根据Sen斜率和MK检验趋势分析,生态环境质量改善的区域面积占比超过60%,但仍有部分区域出现退化现象。最优参数地理探测器模型的结果显示,生态环境质量受多因素影响,其中NPP、土地利用类型、DEM和气温影响显著,且各驱动因子的交互作用进一步加深了对生态质量的影响。研究结果可为喀斯特地区的生态环境质量遥感评价提供方法参考,有助于推进喀斯特地区的生态环境保护和区域社会经济可持续发展。

     

    Abstract: This study uses Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing images from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 as the main data source to construct an improved karst remote sensing ecological index. The temporal and spatial changes of the ecological environment quality in Qujing City from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed by combining the Sen slope estimation and the Mann–Kendall trend test. At the same time, the optimal parameter geographic detector model was used to optimize the zoning effect of spatial data to study the impact of different factors on the spatial heterogeneity of ecological environment quality. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, the overall ecological environment quality in Qujing City has improved, with significant spatial heterogeneity. In terms of space, it presents a distribution pattern of "low in the northwest and high in the southeast", and the area of "excellent" and "good" levels has gradually increased. According to the trend analysis of Sen slope and MK test, the area of improved ecological environment quality accounts for more than 60%, but some areas still show degradation. The results of the optimal parameter geodetector model show that the ecological environment quality is affected by multiple factors, among which NPP, land use type, DEM and temperature have significant effects, and the interaction of various driving factors further deepens the impact on ecological quality. The research results can provide a methodological reference for remote sensing evaluation of ecological environment quality in karst areas, which will help promote ecological environment protection and regional social and economic sustainable development in karst areas.

     

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