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怒江流域1990—2020年生境质量时空格局演变研究
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Habitat Quality in the Nujiang River Basin from 1990 to 2020
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摘要: 基于怒江流域1990—2020年土地利用数据,运用InVEST模型生境质量模块,结合时空立方体模型的热点分析,从时间、空间、地理属性3个维度探究怒江流域生境质量的时空演变规律和空间异质性。结果表明:怒江流域土地利用以草地和林地为主,分别占59.7%和22%,呈现“五增四减”的转移格局。30 a来,生境质量整体较高,平均值为0.687;自1997年起缓慢下降,下降值为0.009。生境质量空间分布不均,呈“带状、树枝状、网状”等类型,低等级生境主要分布在上游南、北部外围石漠化严重的区域及下游沿江城市群区域,高等级生境分布在中下游人类干扰较少的外围山区、自然和湿地保护区。时空热点分析显示,冷、热点两级分化明显,与生境质量等级分布密切相关。研究结果可为怒江流域景观生态格局构建和长江经济带“川滇”生态屏障保护区建设提供参考。Abstract: Using land use data from 1990 to 2020, this study applied the InVEST habitat quality model, integrated with spatiotemporal cube-based hotspot analysis, to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics and spatial heterogeneity of habitat quality in the Nujiang River Basin from temporal, spatial, and geographic perspectives. Results indicate that grassland and forestland dominate the landscape, accounting for 59.7% and 22.0% of the total area, respectively, with land use transitions characterized by a “five increases, four decreases” pattern. Over the past three decades, overall habitat quality remained relatively high (mean = 0.687), but exhibited a gradual decline of 0.009 since 1997. Habitat quality displayed marked spatial variation, forming zonal, dendritic, and reticulated distribution patterns. Low-quality habitats were mainly concentrated in rocky desertification-prone areas in the peripheral upstream south and north, as well as in urbanized zones along the lower reaches. In contrast, high-quality habitats were distributed primarily in mid- and downstream mountainous areas with minimal anthropogenic disturbance, particularly within nature reserves and wetland protection zones. Hotspot analysis revealed significant spatial clustering, with clear cold and hot spot differentiation, closely aligned with habitat quality gradients. These findings offer critical insights for optimizing landscape ecological patterns and support the planning of ecological barrier zones in the Sichuan–Yunnan section of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.