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粗枝云杉自由或控制授粉及树冠方位对种实性状的影响
Effects of Open and Controlled Pollination and Crown Orientation on the Characteristics of Seeds and Fruits of Picea asperata Mast.
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摘要: 以进入结实期（23年生）的粗枝云杉为研究对象，在沙坝国家云杉种质资源收集保存库，分析30个自由授粉家系成熟球果、10个粗枝云杉自由授粉家系树冠南北成熟球果、用6个粗枝云杉家系为母本与6个欧洲云杉家系为父本的一对一种间控制授粉、6个母本自由授粉成熟球果的种实性状变异。结果表明：粗枝云杉树冠南北球果性状差异不显著，自由授粉球果长、宽、长/宽、球果平均生产种子质量显著高于控制授粉球果的13.20%、6.64%、4.36%和1.51倍；自由和控制授粉球果性状均具有丰富的遗传变异，其中变异系数最高的是球果平均生产种子质量，分别为38.71%和37.80%。30个自由授粉家系球果长、宽、长/宽、平均生产种子质量和出种率的变异系数分别为14.74%、12.14%、12.61%、14.74%和12.56%，种子长、宽、长/宽、千粒质量的变异系数分别是3.51%、6.13%、6.11%、9.09%，种子性状要比球果性状稳定。控制和自由授粉家系种实性状受强的遗传效应和环境因素影响，既有丰富的遗传变异，又有固有的特征，能稳定遗传，且种实性状间、种实性状与母树生长性间呈显著或极显著正相关。可见，粗枝云杉种实性状间丰富的遗传变异，以及种实性状间、种实性状与母树生长性状间显著或极显著相关性，为云杉种子园精准管理和遗传改良提供参考。Abstract:Objective To provide a reference for the precise management and genetic improvement of spruce seed orchards.Methods In the Shaba National Spruce Germplasm Resources Collection and Conservation Repository,Picea asperata at the fruiting stage (23 years old) was taken as the research object.The mature cones of 30 open-pollinated families, the mature cones on the north and south sides of the crowns of 10 open-pollinated families of Picea asperata, as well as the variation in seed and cone traits of one-to-one interspecific controlled pollination with 6 Picea asperata families as female parents and 6 Picea abies families as male parents and the mature cones of 6 female parents through open pollination were studied.Results There was no significant difference in the cone traits between the north and south sides of the crowns of P. asperata (P > 0.05).The length, width, length/width of open-pollinated cones and the average weight of seeds produced by cones were significantly 13.20%, 6.64%, 4.36% higher and 1.51 times that of controlled-pollinated cones respectively (P < 0.05). Both open-pollinated and controlled-pollinated cones had rich genetic variation. Among them, the coefficient of variation of the average weight of seeds produced by cones was the highest, which was 38.71% and 37.80% respectively. The coefficients of variation of cone length, width, length/width, average weight of seeds produced by cones and seed yield rate of 30 open-pollinated families were 14.74%, 12.14%, 12.61%, 14.74%, and 12.56%, respectively. The coefficients of variation of the seed length, width, length/width and
1000 -seed weight were 3.51%, 6.13%, 6.11%, and 9.09%, respectively. Seed traits were more stable than cone traits. The seed and cone traits of controlled and open-pollinated families were affected by strong genetic effects and environmental factors.with both rich genetic variation and inherent characteristics, and could be stably inherited There were significant (P < 0.05) or extremely significant positive correlations (P < 0.01) between seed and cone traits and between seed and cone traits and the growth traits of mother trees.Conclusion The rich genetic variations among the seed and cone traits of P. asperata, as well as the significant or extremely significant correlations between seed and cone traits and between seed and cone traits and the growth traits of mother trees, provide a reference for the precise management and genetic improvement of spruce seed orchards.
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