Abstract: The equivalent factor method was employed to quantitatively evaluate the Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) of Anqing City in 2003, 2013, and 2023. Combined with spatial autocorrelation analysis, cold-hot spot analysis, and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR), the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms were systematically analyzed. Results showed that Anqing's total ESV increased from 2003874.25 yuan in 2003 to 2102630.71 yuan in 2023. Water areas contributed the most (65%−66%), while unused land contributed the least (less than 1%). ESV showed significant spatial differentiation, with high-value areas per unit area stably in the west and south, and low-value areas in the east and north. Influencing factors exhibited obvious spatial heterogeneity in their impacts. The study reveals that the interaction between natural constraints and human activities dominates ESV differentiation, providing a scientific basis for ecological space optimization and sustainable development in Anqing.