Abstract: China's forestry sector is currently undergoing a strategic transformation from quantitative expansion to quality-oriented improvement. This paper reviews the evolution of forest management practices and the dynamic changes in forest resources in China, highlighting that the primary contradiction in forestry development has shifted from inadequate resource quantity to structural challenges, including suboptimal composition, low-quality stands, and inefficient management systems. To address these issues, a dual-driven framework of "macro-level intelligent supervision and micro-level precision forestry" is proposed. The study systematically examines relevant theories and practical experiences both domestically and internationally. At the macro level, it outlines a national intelligent supervision model for forest resources centered on key stages—quantitative afforestation, precise protection, balanced afforestation and harvesting, targeted management, and quality enhancement—and summarizes advances in core quantitative tools such as the Forest Balance Model (FBM). At the micro level, it evaluates the precision forestry technology system at the forest farm and plot levels, including differentiated management strategies for ecological and commercial forests, as well as optimal pathways for establishing ideal forest structures through afforestation on non-forested land and the transformation of existing forest stands. By synthesizing current theoretical frameworks and technological approaches, this paper offers a comprehensive academic reference and forward-looking policy recommendations to support high-quality and sustainable development in China's forestry sector, while also exploring pathways toward ecological civilization and the achievement of carbon neutrality.