Abstract: Based on multi-scale land use data of the Dianchi Lake Basin from 2004 to 2022, in-depth analysis was conducted on land use change, landscape pattern, and ecosystem service value to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution law and influencing factors of the ecosystem service value in the Dianchi Lake Basin, clarify the focus of ecological space protection, and then delineate the ecological protection zones of the Dianchi Lake Basin and propose corresponding spatial control measures. The results indicate that there were significant changes in land use in the Dianchi Lake Basin from 2004 to 2022, a large amount of ecological land has shifted towards non-ecological land, with a significant amount of farmland flowing towards urban construction land. From 2004 to 2022, due to the expansion of urban construction land and frequent human activities, the overall ecosystem service value of the Dianchi Lake Basin showed a gradual decline trend, with the fastest decline observed from 2004 to 2010. Divide the Dianchi Lake Basin into ecological protection core zone, ecological protection buffer zone, ecological protection coordination zone, and ecological protection functional zone, and develop corresponding spatial control measures according to different ecological zones. The research results can provide certain reference for the high-level protection of the ecological environment in the Dianchi Lake Basin.